Esofagite eosinofílica: relato de caso e revisão bibliográfica
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18227/hd.v3i2.7444Palavras-chave:
Esofagite eosinofílica, refluxo gastroesofágico, hipersensibilidade alimentar, endoscopia do sistema digestórioResumo
Introdução: A Esofagite eosinofílica é uma doença esofágica crônica e imuno-mediada, caracterizada por sintomas relacionados à disfunção esofágica com inflamação eosinofílica. Tornou-se nas últimas duas décadas um importante diagnóstico diferencial do Refluxo Gastroesofágico, principalmente na população pediátrica. Considerando novas pesquisas em fisiopatologia, propedêutica e manejo clínico, discute-se a importância do conhecimento da Esofagite eosinofílica para evitar o diagnóstico tardio e, consequentemente, maior remodelamento esofágico, expresso clinicamente como disfagia e impactação alimentar. Objetivo: Apresentar o caso de um paciente, estudante com Esofagite eosinofílica, acompanhado em um ambulatório do Hospital da Criança Santo Antônio, em Boa Vista, Roraima, Brasil. Adicionado ao levantamento de dados sobre Esofagite eosinofílica a partir da revisão da literatura sobre o tema. Métodos: Para a revisão da literatura, foram considerados os artigos publicados nos últimos cinco anos, em periódicos indexados nas seguintes bases de dados: BIREME, PubMed e LILACS. Desenvolvimento: A revisão bibliográfica foi realizada acerca do tema Esofagite eosinofílica, principalmente relacionada aos aspectos clínicos e critérios para o diagnóstico. O relato do caso de uma criança com diagnóstico tardio de Esofagite eosinofílica mostra a persistência dos sintomas sem resposta a terapia instituída antes do diagnóstico correto e o consequente déficit no seu desenvolvimento pônderoestatural. Conclusão: A partir da pesquisa realizada nesta revisão de literatura, há um claro aumento no número de publicações sobre o assunto. Torna-se evidente a importância de reforçar os critérios clínicos para a suspeita diagnóstica de EE valorizando a frequência, intensidade e perfil de sintomas variável de acordo com a faixa etária do paciente, além do questionamento sobre a existência de impactação alimentar. Ao indicar a realização de Endoscopia do Sistema Digestório na suspeita de EE teríamos as biópsias realizadas nos três terços do esôfago, o que aumentaria muito a chance de diagnóstico comprovado pela histopatologia. Estas atitudes, podem levar a uma queda na taxa de diagnósticos tardios e ao menor número de complicações causadas pela EE.
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